What does 'logging and monitoring' involve in PCI DSS?

Logging and monitoring in the context of PCI DSS refers specifically to keeping track of access to cardholder data and network activity. This process is vital for ensuring the security and integrity of payment card information. By maintaining logs, organizations can monitor who accesses cardholder data, when they access it, and the activities they perform. This comprehensive tracking helps in identifying unauthorized access attempts and can facilitate investigations in the event of security incidents.

Moreover, effective logging and monitoring provide a framework for complying with PCI DSS requirements, specifically those emphasizing the necessity of tracking and monitoring all access to network resources and cardholder data. It helps organizations detect potential security breaches or fraudulent activities in real-time, strengthening overall security posture.

The other options, while important for various aspects of security, do not directly pertain to logging and monitoring. Storing backup copies of sensitive data focuses on data preservation, controlling user access levels deals with user permissions and roles, and regularly updating system software pertains to maintaining system security and vulnerability management. Each of these plays a role in a comprehensive security program, but they do not encapsulate the specific activities involved in logging and monitoring.